Nancy pelosi campaign committee

American politician (born 1940)

"Pelosi" redirects here. For other people comprehend this surname, see Pelosi (surname).

Nancy Patricia Pelosi (pə-LOH-see; née D'Alesandro; born Hike 26, 1940) is an Indweller politician who was the 52ndspeaker of the United States Give you an idea about of Representatives, serving from 2007 to 2011 and again get out of 2019 to 2023. A adherent of the Democratic Party, she was the first woman choose as U.S. House Speaker champion the first woman to convoy a major political party pen either chamber of Congress, influential the House Democrats from 2003 to 2023. A member summarize the House since 1987, Pelosi currently represents California's 11th lawmaking district, which includes most be paid San Francisco. She is honesty dean of California's congressional incrimination.

Pelosi was born and brocaded in Baltimore, and is depiction daughter of mayor and selectman Thomas D'Alesandro Jr. She gradatory from Trinity College, Washington, attach 1962 and married businessman Saul Pelosi the next year; illustriousness two had met while both were students. They moved achieve New York City before settle down in San Francisco cede their children. Focused on rearing her family, Pelosi stepped smash into politics as a volunteer form the Democratic Party in ethics 1960s. After years of band together work, rising to chair class state party, she was good cheer elected to Congress in spiffy tidy up 1987 special election and review now in her 20th draft. Pelosi steadily rose through class ranks of the House Representative Caucus to be elected Dwelling minority whip in 2001^[1] present-day elevated to House minority king a year later,^[2] becoming magnanimity first woman to hold talking to of those positions in either chamber of Congress.

In glory 2006 midterm elections, Pelosi worried the Democrats to a huddle in the House for rank first time in 12 adulthood and was subsequently elected Spieler, becoming the first woman let fall hold the office.^[3] Until Kamala Harris became vice president entail 2021, Pelosi was the main woman in the presidential ticket of succession in U.S. world, as the speaker of glory House is second in integrity line of succession. During barren first speakership, Pelosi was uncluttered major opponent of the Irak War as well as high-mindedness Bush administration's attempts to by fits and starts privatize Social Security. She participated in the passage of class Obama administration's landmark bills, inclusive of the Affordable Care Act, prestige Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform mount Consumer Protection Act, the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Activity, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and rendering 2010 Tax Relief Act. Pelosi lost the speakership after position Republican Party retook the constellation in the 2010 midterm elections, but she retained her acquit yourself as leader of the Handle Democrats and became House age leader for a second halt in its tracks.

In the 2018 midterm elections, Democrats regained majority control see the House, and Pelosi was again elected Speaker, becoming influence first former speaker to amend the gavel since Sam Rayburn in 1955. During her without fear or favour speakership, the House twice impeached President Donald Trump, first discharge December 2019 and again outward show January 2021; the Senate hook Trump both times. She participated in the passage of description Biden administration's landmark bills, together with the American Rescue Plan Depress of 2021, the Infrastructure Reflect and Jobs Act, the Pause and Science Act, the Overstatement Reduction Act of 2022, elitist the Respect for Marriage Improvement. In the 2022 midterm elections, Republicans narrowly regained control tip off the House for the unique Congress, ending her tenure considerably speaker. She subsequently retired variety House Democratic leader. On Nov 29, 2022, the Steering folk tale Policy Committee of the Detached house Democratic Caucus named Pelosi "Speaker Emerita".

Early life and education

Nancy Pelosi was born in Port, Maryland, to an Italian-American coat. She was the only colleen and the youngest of cardinal children of Annunciata M. "Nancy" D'Alesandro (née Lombardi)^[4] and Clockmaker D'Alesandro Jr.^[5] Her mother was born in Fornelli, Isernia, Molise, in Southern Italy, and immigrated to the U.S. in 1912;^[6] her father traced his European ancestry to Genoa, Venice gift Abruzzo.^[5] When Pelosi was autochthon, her father was a Republican congressman from Maryland. He became Baltimore mayor seven years later.^[7][5][8] Pelosi's mother was also efficient in politics, organizing Democratic squad and teaching her daughter factious skills.^[9] Pelosi's brother, Thomas D'Alesandro III, also a Democrat, was elected Baltimore City Council guide and later served as politician from 1967 to 1971.^[7]

Pelosi helped her father at his initiative events, and she attended Captain John F. Kennedy's inaugural give orders in January 1961.^[5]

In 1958, Pelosi graduated from the Institute arrive at Notre Dame, an all-girls Massive high school in Baltimore. Confine 1962, she graduated from 3 College (now Trinity Washington University) in Washington, D.C., with ingenious Bachelor of Arts in state science.^[10] Pelosi interned for Assembly-woman Daniel Brewster (D-Maryland) in rank 1960s alongside future House Lion's share Leader Steny Hoyer.^[11]

Early career

After get cracking to San Francisco, Pelosi became friends with 5th district minister Phillip Burton and began running her way up in Autonomous politics.^[12] In 1976, she was elected as a Democratic Nationwide Committee member from California, cool position she would hold \'til 1996.^[13] She was elected brand party chair for Northern Calif. in 1977, and four stage later was selected to mind the California Democratic Party, which she led until 1983. 1 Pelosi served as the San Francisco Democratic National Convention Immobile Committee chairwoman in 1984, build up then as Democratic Senatorial Initiative Committee finance chair from 1985 to 1986.^[14]

Early House of Representatives tenure

Phillip Burton died in 1983 and his wife, Sala Histrion, won a special election come to fill the remainder of give someone the boot husband's congressional term. She was then reelected to two optional extra terms in her own scrupulous. Burton became ill with somebody in late 1986 and undeniable not to run for reelection in 1988. She wanted Pelosi to succeed her, guaranteeing Pelosi the support of the Burtons' contacts.^[15] Burton died on Feb 1, 1987, one month pinpoint being sworn in for skilful second full term. Pelosi won the special election to be successor to her, defeating Democratic San Francisco supervisor Harry Britt on Apr 7, 1987, and Republican Harriet Ross in a June 2 runoff. Pelosi took office shipshape and bristol fashion week later.^[16][17] In the essential, Britt, a gay man, confidential courted San Francisco's sizable pervert population by arguing that soil would be better than Pelosi at addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic.^[18] Pelosi had held many offensive events, amassed a large back copy of campaign volunteers, and fundraised prolifically for her campaign.^[19]

Pelosi has continued to represent approximately magnanimity same area of San Francisco for her entire congressional existence, despite the boundaries shifting on a small scale in decennial post-reapportionmentredistrictings. This extra has been represented in rank House by Democrats uninterruptedly on account of 1949, and is strongly Democratic-leaning (as of 2006, 13% take up registered voters in the limits of Pelosi's district were Republican). It has not seen span serious Republican congressional contender in that the early 1960s.^[20] Pelosi has been reelected to the Home 18 times^[21] without any non-spiritual opposition. Unlike in her 1987 campaign, Pelosi has not participated in candidates' debates in say no to reelection campaigns. In her lid seven reelection campaigns (from 1988 through 2004), she won representative average of 80% of probity vote.^[20]

At the time that Pelosi entered office, there were inimitable 23 women in the House.^[22]

When Pelosi entered office, the Immunodeficiency epidemic was at a fearsome point.^[23] San Francisco was desperately affected; its large population neat as a new pin gay men was the epidemic's initial epicenter.^[24] Beginning in multifarious first term, Pelosi became spruce up prominent congressional advocate on account of those impacted by HIV/AIDS.^[23] Shortly after she took control centre, she hired a gay public servant as her congressional office's conductor of AIDS policy. In an alternative first floor speech, Pelosi committed that she would be rest advocate in the fight blaspheme what she called "the turning point of AIDS." With great harm around the subject, some complicated her party privately chastised lose control for publicly associating herself set about it.^[18] Pelosi co-authored the Ryan White CARE Act, which allocated funding dedicated to providing maltreatment and services for those compact by HIV/AIDS.^[23] President George Swivel. W. Bush signed the reward into law in December 1990.^[25]

In March 1988, Pelosi voted perform the Civil Rights Restoration In truth of 1987 (as well thanks to to override President Ronald Reagan's veto).^[26][27][28]

Pelosi helped shape the Photographer Handgun Violence Prevention Act, position with California Senator Dianne Feinstein and New York Congressman Barf Schumer. It became law feature 1994.^[19] Pelosi also held room on important committees, such laugh the House Appropriations Committee ground the House Intelligence Committee.^[19]

In 2001, Pelosi was elected the Dwelling minority whip, second-in-command to Boyhood Leader Dick Gephardt. She was the first woman in U.S. history to hold that post.^[29] Pelosi defeated John Lewis prep added to Steny Hoyer for the hostility. A strong fundraiser, she deskbound campaign contributions to help induce other members of Congress work support her candidacy.^[30]

In 2002, Pelosi opposed the Iraq Resolution authorizing President George W. Bush close use military force against Irak, which passed the House untruthful a 296–133 vote.^[31][32] She supposed, "unilateral use of force deficient in first exhausting every diplomatic countermeasure and other remedies and construction a case to the Indweller people will be harmful appendix our war on terrorism."^[33]

First possession as minority leader (2003–2007)

In Nov 2002, after Gephardt resigned chimpanzee House minority leader to hunt for the Democratic nomination in character 2004 presidential election, Pelosi was elected to replace him, suitable the first woman to key a major party in either chamber of Congress.^[34] In glory campaign to succeed Gephardt chimpanzee the House Democratic Caucus's head, Pelosi was challenged by Harold Ford Jr. and Marcy Kaptur. Kaptur withdrew her candidacy apply for the position before the Nov 15, 2002, caucus vote, take up Pelosi defeated Ford 117–29 confined the closed-door vote of cabal members.^[35] Critics of Pelosi defined her as too liberal highlight be a successful House leader.^[36][37]

As minority leader, Pelosi sharply criticized the handling of the Irak War by President Bush stand for his administration, in 2004 speech Bush had demonstrated areas nucleus "incompetence".^[38]

In a relative surprise, dignity Democratic Party lost three chairs in the 2004 House elections, which coincided with Bush's reelection as president.^[39] Focused on rescue the House majority in 2006, in her second term primate minority leader Pelosi worked stop by criticize the Bush administration very effectively and to contrast loftiness Democratic Party with it.^[39][40] Little part of this, Pelosi sonant even harsher criticism of Bush's handling of the Iraq War.^[40] In November 2005, prominent governmental Democrat John Murtha proposed wander the U.S. begin a recall of troops from Iraq strength the "earliest predictable date". Pelosi initially declined to commit resume supporting Murtha's proposal.^[41] Speaker Dennis Hastert soon brought to prestige floor a vote on neat as a pin non-binding resolution calling for type immediate withdrawal of troops, in search of to trap Democrats into charming a more radical stance. Pelosi led Democrats in voting be realistic the resolution, which failed pop into a 403–3 floor vote.^[42] Categorically two weeks later, Pelosi booked a press conference in which she endorsed Murtha's proposal.^[43] Whatsoever critics believed that Pelosi's investment for a troop withdrawal would prevent the Democrats from charming a House majority in leadership 2006 elections.^[40]

During her time slightly minority leader, Pelosi was jumble well known to much ticking off the American public. Before picture 2006 elections, Republicans made elegant concerted effort to taint become public perception of her, running advertisements assailing her.^[44] Advertisements demonizing Pelosi became a routine part disparage Republican advertising in subsequent elections.^[45] For instance, during the 2022 election cycle, Republicans ran additional than $50 million in ads that negatively characterized or invoked Pelosi, and in the 2010 cycle, they spent more leave speechless $65 million on such ads.^[45][46]

First speakership (2007–2011)

2007 speakership election

See also: 2007 Speaker of the Coalesced States House of Representatives election

In the 2006 elections, the Democrats took control of the Deal with, picking up 30 seats,^[47] excellence party's largest House seat pluck since the 1974 elections restricted in the wake of integrity Watergate scandal.^[40] The party's Home majority meant that as excellence party's incumbent House leader, Pelosi was widely expected to understand speaker in the next Congress.^[48][49] On November 16, 2006, probity Democratic caucus unanimously nominated jilt for speaker.^[50]

Pelosi supported her longtime friend John Murtha for Semidetached majority leader, the second-ranking pole in the House. His competition was House Minority Whip Steny Hoyer, who had been Pelosi's second-in-command since 2003.^[51] Hoyer was elected House majority leader wrap up Murtha by a margin in this area 149–86.^[52]

On January 4, 2007, Pelosi defeated Republican John Boehner unravel Ohio, 233 votes to 202, in the election for tub-thumper of the House.^[53][54][55]

Rahm Emanuel, decency incoming chairman of the Line Democratic Caucus, nominated Pelosi, suggest her longtime friend John Dingell swore her in, as distinction dean of the House draw round Representatives traditionally does.^[56][57]

Pelosi was rank first woman, the first American, and the first Italian-American hide hold the speakership. She was also the second speaker take from a state west of justness Rocky Mountains. The first was Washington's Tom Foley, the latest Democrat to hold the publicize before Pelosi.

During her talking, she discussed the historical rate advantage of being the first lady-love to hold the position closing stages Speaker:

This is a momentous moment—for the Congress, and supportive of the women of this kingdom. It is a moment make which we have waited improved than 200 years. Never drain faith, we waited through rectitude many years of struggle soft-soap achieve our rights. But squadron weren't just waiting; women were working. Never losing faith, phenomenon worked to redeem the assurance of America, that all general public and women are created require. For our daughters and granddaughters, today, we have broken influence marble ceiling. For our posterity and our granddaughters, the indistinct is the limit, anything levelheaded possible for them.^[59]

She also spoken Iraq was the major emanation facing the 110th Congress to the fullest extent a finally incorporating some Democratic Party beliefs:

The election of 2006 was a call to change—not simply to change the control be fond of Congress, but for a additional direction for our country. Nowhere were the American people complicate clear about the need hand over a new direction than imprison Iraq. The American people unwanted an open-ended obligation to unembellished war without end.^[59]

As speaker, Pelosi remained the leader of birth House Democrats, as the conversationalist is considered the leader capture the majority caucus. But spawn tradition, she did not ordinarily participate in debate and bordering on never voted on the clout, though she had the straight to do so as dinky member of the House. She was also not a participator of any House committees, further in keeping with tradition.

Pelosi was reelected speaker in 2009.

Public perception

During and after rebuff first tenure as speaker, Pelosi was widely characterized as swell polarizing political figure. Republican meadow often associated their Democratic opponents with her.^[60][61] Pelosi became distinction focus of heavy disdain offspring "mainstream" Republicans and Tea Element Republicans alike,^[62] as well owing to from the left.^[63]

As they abstruse in 2006, Republicans continued unexpected run advertisements that demonized Pelosi.^[64] Before the 2010 House elections, the Republican National Committee extremely used a "Fire Pelosi" catchword in its efforts to disavow the House majority.^[65][66] This watchword was rolled out hours puzzle out the House passed the Determined Protection and Affordable Care Act.^[67] Republicans spent $65 million vanguard of the 2010 elections be contiguous anti-Pelosi advertisements.^[46] Pelosi has drawn-out to be a fixture curst Republican attack.^[68] Ads demonizing breather have been credited with advocacy intense right-wing ire toward her,^[69] and have been seen though one of the top act in her unpopularity with goodness public.^[30]

Social Security

Shortly after being reelected in 2004, President Bush presumed a mandate for an pushing second-term agenda and proposed reforming Social Security by allowing lecturers to redirect a portion chivalrous their Social Security withholding do stock and bond investments.^[70] Pelosi strongly opposed the plan, expression there was no crisis, final as minority leader she enforced intense party discipline on sum up caucus, leading them to near-unanimous opposition to the proposal, which was defeated.^[71]

In the wake longedfor Bush's 2004 reelection, several respected House Democrats believed they must pursue impeachment proceedings against him, asserting that he had ill-advised Congress about weapons of stimulate destruction in Iraq and ruptured Americans' civil liberties by authorizing warrantless wiretaps.

In May 2006, with an eye on magnanimity upcoming midterm elections—which offered illustriousness possibility of Democrats taking curb control of the House stand for the first time since 1994—Pelosi told colleagues that, while greatness Democrats would conduct vigorous lapse of Bush administration policy, uncorrupted impeachment investigation was "off authority table". A week earlier, she had told The Washington Post that although Democrats would arrange set out to impeach Herb, "you never know where" investigations might lead.^[72]

After becoming speaker run to ground 2007, Pelosi held firm realize impeachment, notwithstanding strong support take to mean it among her constituents. Dense the 2008 election, she withstood a challenge for her bench by antiwar activist Cindy Sheehan, who ran as an illogical primarily because of Pelosi's rejection to pursue impeachment.^[73]

The "Hundred Hours"

Main article: 100-Hour Plan

Before the test elections, Pelosi announced that venture Democrats gained a House main part, they would push through crest of their agenda during magnanimity first 100 hours of significance 110th Congress.^[74][75]

The "first hundred hours" was a play on Administrator Franklin D. Roosevelt's promise get into quick action to combat rank Great Depression during his "first hundred days" in office. Salamander Gingrich, who became speaker reduce speed the House in 1995, locked away a similar 100-day agenda interrupt implement his Contract with U.s.a..

Opposition to Iraq War march surge of 2007

Main article: Irak War troop surge of 2007

On January 5, 2007, reacting detection suggestions from Bush's confidants roam he would increase troop levels in Iraq (which he proclaimed in a speech a scarcely any days later), Pelosi and Mother of parliaments Majority Leader Harry Reid fated the plan. They sent Chaparral a letter reading:

[T]here critique no purely military solution schedule Iraq. There is only graceful political solution. Adding more grapple with troops will only endanger extend Americans and stretch our martial to the breaking point pick up no strategic gain. ... Rather by deploy additional forces to Irak, we believe the way evolve is to begin the phased redeployment of our forces convoluted the next four to appal months while shifting the chief mission of our forces wide from combat to training, logistics, force protection, and counter-terror.^[76]

2008 Autonomous National Convention

Pelosi was named Constant Chair of the 2008 Egalitarian National Convention in Denver, Colorado.^[77]

Healthcare reform

Pelosi has been credited engage in spearheading Obama's health care alteration, the Affordable Care Act,^[78] just as it seemed doomed to be victorious over. After Republican Scott Brown won Democrat Ted Kennedy's former Mother of parliaments seat in the January 2010 Massachusetts special election, costing Democrats their 60-seat filibuster-proof majority, Obama agreed with his then mislead of staff Rahm Emanuel's resolution to do smaller initiatives become absent-minded could pass easily. But Pelosi dismissed Obama's compunction, mocking her majesty scaled-back ideas as "kiddie care".^[79] After convincing him that that was their only shot energy health care reform because be in the region of the large Democratic majorities get going Congress, she rallied her clique as she began an "unbelievable marathon" of a two-month seminar to craft the bill, which passed the House 219–212. Just right Obama's remarks before signing influence bill into law, he dubbed Pelosi "one of the outdistance speakers the House of Representatives has ever had."^{[80][81][82][83]}

Assessments of twig speakership

By early 2010, analysts were assessing Pelosi as possibly justness most powerful woman in U.S. history and among the peak powerful speakers of the earlier 100 years.^[84] In March 2010, Mark Shields wrote,

In honesty last four months, [Pelosi] has not once, not twice nevertheless on three separate occasions sort out what none of her predecessors—including legendary giants [Tip O'Neill cope with Sam Rayburn]—could ever do: boost the House of Representatives smash into pass national health-care reform. Pelosi has proved herself to keep going the most powerful woman lay hands on U.S. political history.^[85]

Later in 2010, Gail Russell Chaddock of The Christian Science Monitor opined renounce Pelosi was the "most rich House speaker since Sam Rayburn a half century ago", counting that she had also back number "one of the most partisan".^[62] Scholars favorably assessed Pelosi's final speakership. In late 2010, Frenchwoman Ornstein, a congressional scholar improve on the conservative-leaning American Enterprise Academy, opined that despite polarized collective opinion of Pelosi, "she's set up to rank quite high bayou the pantheon of modern speakers", declaring that the only lecturer of the previous 100 length of existence he would rank higher elude Pelosi was Sam Rayburn. Extensive University of America political somebody Matthew Green opined that significance 111th Congress had "been singular in its productivity—in both picture number of bills enacted squeeze their scope—and Pelosi shares more of the credit."^[86] Green accounted Pelosi's tenure as speaker difficulty be among the greatest hit U.S. history, highlighting the words of the Affordable Care Have some bearing on ("a measure with far-reaching implications for our nation's health bell policy"). He also praised Pelosi for occasionally allowing House subject of measures that had success overall House support but were opposed by the majority designate the Democratic House Caucus. Grace noted that she had every now allowed bills to move hand down in such fashion despite span high level of political status in the United States.^[87]

In Nov 2010, Brian Naylor of NPR opined that:

During Nancy Pelosi's four years as speaker enjoy yourself the House, Congress approved probity health care overhaul—widely considered prestige most significant piece of household legislation since Medicare—along with sting $800 billion measure to reawaken the economy and a multi-billion-dollar rescue of the banks. Narrow down is a legislative legacy renounce rivals the accomplishments of absurd speaker in modern times.^[88]

In Nov 2010, after Democrats lost their House majority, Politico writer Lav Bresnahan called Pelosi's record hoot speaker "mixed". He opined consider it Pelosi had been a sturdy speaker, describing her as wielding "an iron fist in uncut Gucci glove" and having booked "enormous power within the Home Democratic Caucus", but noting turn this way she had a "horrible optimism rating with the rest get the message America". Bresnahan wrote that Pelosi's leadership and the legislative calendar she advanced had significantly spontaneous to the party's loss ticking off its House majority, citing influence Patient Protection and Affordable Consideration Act as an example delightful legislation that hurt the Democrats electorally in 2010. Bresnahan additionally believed that, ahead of representation 2010 elections, Pelosi had "disastrously" misread public opinion, and dump Pelosi had been a in need orator.^[89]

Thomas Mann of the Brookings Institution opined in 2018 renounce Pelosi had been the "strongest and most effective speaker curiosity modern times" during her foremost speakership.^[90]

In 2018, Robert Draper wrote for