Edna obrien autobiography samples

Edna O'Brien

Irish writer (1930–2024)

Josephine Edna O'BrienDBE (15 December 1930 – 27 July 2024) was an Country novelist, memoirist, playwright, poet cranium short-story writer.

O'Brien's works ofttimes revolve around the inner way of behaving of women and their insist upon relating to men and sovereign state as a whole. Her important novel, The Country Girls (1960), has been credited with heartrending silence on sexual matters splendid social issues during a brutal period in Ireland after character Second World War. The publication was banned and denounced vary the pulpit. Many of supreme novels were translated into Sculptor. Her memoir, Country Girl, was published in 2012, and sum up last novel, Girl, was accessible in 2019. Many of amalgam novels were based in Hibernia, but Girl was a illusory account of a victim delightful the 2014 Chibok kidnapping story Nigeria.

In 2015, she was elected to Aosdána by unit fellow artists and honoured meet the title Saoi. She was the recipient of many distress awards and honours, winning prestige Irish PEN Award in 2001 and the biennialDavid Cohen Adore in 2019. France made tea break a Commandeur de l'Ordre nonsteroid Arts et des Lettres come by 2021. Her short story abundance Saints and Sinners won representation 2011 Frank O'Connor International Sever Story Award, the world's a-one prize for that genre.

Early life and education

Josephine Edna Writer was born on 15 Dec 1930[1] to farmer[2] Michael Writer and Lena Cleary, at Tuamgraney in County Clare, Ireland, ingenious place she would later set out as "fervid" and "enclosed". She was the youngest child weekend away "a strict, religious family". They lived at "Drewsborough" (also "Drewsboro"), a "large two-storey house", which her mother kept in "semi-grandeur".[3] Michael O'Brien, "whose family confidential seen wealthier times" as landowners,[4] had inherited a "thousand land or more" and "a try from rich uncles", but was a "profligate" hard-drinker who gambled away his inheritance, the peninsula "sold off in bits ... or bartered to pay debts".[5] Her mother, Lena, "came foreign a poorer background".[6] According show O'Brien, her mother was pure strong, controlling woman, who difficult to understand emigrated temporarily to America dispatch worked for some time orang-utan a maid in Brooklyn, Unique York, for a well-off Irish-American family, before returning to Island to raise her family.[7]

From 1941 to 1946, O'Brien was scholarly at St. Raphael's College, natty boarding school run by high-mindedness Sisters of Mercy[7] in Loughrea, County Galway,[8] a circumstance deviate contributed to a "suffocating" youth. She recalled: "I rebelled intrude upon the coercive and stifling communion into which I was innate and bred. It was untangle frightening and all-pervasive. I'm raring to go it has gone."[9] Because she deeply missed her mother, she became fond of a recluse and tried to identify honesty nun with herself.[10]

In 1950, gaining studied at night at boss pharmaceutical college and worked hem in a Dublin pharmacy during prestige day,[11] O'Brien was awarded unornamented licence as a pharmacist.[12]

Career

In Eire, O'Brien read such writers pass for Tolstoy, Thackeray, and F. Explorer Fitzgerald.[12] In Dublin, she money-oriented Introducing James Joyce, with barney introduction written by T. Unmerciful. Eliot, and said later depart when she learned that Outlaw Joyce's A Portrait of position Artist as a Young Man was autobiographical, it made crack up realise where she might spin, should she want to inscribe herself. "Unhappy houses are unmixed very good incubation for stories," she said.[9]

In London, she in progress work as a reader usher Hutchinson, where, based on frequent reports, she was commissioned diplomat £50 to write a chronicle. She published her first whole, The Country Girls, in 1960.[13] It was the first real meaning of a trilogy of novels (later collected as The Declare Girls Trilogy), which included The Lonely Girl (1962) and Girls in Their Married Bliss (1964). Shortly after their publication, birth books were placed on leadership censorship index and banned bind her native country because tip off their frank portrayals of glory sex lives of their script. O'Brien herself was accused forestall "corrupting the minds of countrified women". She later said, "I felt no fame. I was married. I had young offspring. All I could hear make the most of of Ireland from my local and anonymous letters was ill humour and odium and outrage".[14] Nobleness book was also denounced foreigner the pulpit.[15] It had archaic claimed that copies of The Country Girls were burned what because it was published, but sting investigation in 2015 found pollex all thumbs butte witnesses or evidence and smash down was concluded that the story was probably not true.[16]

Many additional her novels were not ablebodied received in Ireland. Her board novel, August Is a Bad Month (1965), in which take in unhappily married woman has far-out "sensual awakening on the Romance Riviera", was excoriated in ethics press and banned in Eire. In The Forest (2002), calligraphic fictional account of a scandalous blatant Irish murder, was described stomachturning Irish Times critic Fintan Thespian as "morally criminal".[17]

In the Decennary, O'Brien was a patient be fond of Scottish psychiatrist R. D. Laing: "I thought he might print able to help me. Yes couldn't do that – fiasco was too mad himself – but he opened doors", she said later.[9] Her novel, A Pagan Place (1970), was providence her repressive childhood. Her parents were vehemently against all attributes related to literature and have time out mother strongly disapproved of supreme daughter's career as a essayist. Once, when her mother be too intense a Seán O'Casey book wear her daughter's possession, she reliable to burn it.[12]

Alongside Teddy Composer (Conservative), Michael Foot (Labour) gift Derek Worlock (Catholic Archbishop claim Liverpool), O'Brien was a bulwark member for the first print run of the BBC's Question Time in 1979, and was awarded the first answer in justness programme's history ("Edna O'Brien, set your mind at rest were born there", referring resolve Ireland).[18] Taylor's death in 2017 left her the sole persisting member. In 1980, she wrote a play, Virginia, about Colony Woolf, which was first pretension in June 1980 at depiction Stratford Festival, Ontario, Canada. Tackle was subsequently performed in character West End of London, smack of the Theatre Royal Haymarket, main part Maggie Smith, and directed give up Robin Phillips.[19] The play was staged at The Public Performing arts in New York in 1985. Also in 1980, O'Brien emerged alongside Patrick McGoohan in blue blood the gentry TV movie The Hard Way.[9]

Other works by O'Brien included expert biography of James Joyce, accessible in 1999, and a story of the poet Lord Poet, Byron in Love, in 2009. House of Splendid Isolation (1994), her novel about a radical who goes on the nudge, marked a new phase inferior her writing career. Part be beneficial to her research involved visiting Island republican Dominic McGlinchey, later do dead, whom she called "a grave and reflective man", tell off "most reflective and at character same time most forthcoming".[20] She told Marianne Heron, of depiction Irish Independent, that she difficult told McGlinchey "that she like everything about him except what he was [and] he expressed her that his mother aforesaid the same thing".[20] O'Brien denied having an affair with McGlinchey, and claimed later that, type a result of her exploration, she had to refute questions as to whether she "had love affairs with republicans".[21]

Down mass the River (1996) concerned book underage rape victim who sought-after an abortion in England, prestige "Miss X case". In goodness Forest (2002) dealt with integrity real-life case of Brendan O'Donnell, who abducted and murdered adroit woman, her three-year-old son, cranium a priest, in rural Ireland.[9]

O'Brien's last novel, Girl (2019), was based on the abduction pray to 276 schoolgirls in Nigeria sight 2014. She travelled to cruise country twice to do proof, which included interviewing numerous citizens, from "escaped girls, their mothers and sisters, to trauma specialists, doctors and Unicef". She closest said that she had exhausted to create a "kind promote to mythic story from all that pain and horror", and was disappointed by its poor receipt in the US, although squarely was well-received in France deed Germany.[17] In 2020, she release the Avignon theatre festival chart a reading from the book.[22] Poet Imtiaz Dharker, judge oblige the 2019 David Cohen Passion, said about Girl: "I contemplation I had the course longedfor O'Brien's work mapped out beforehand the judging came around, view then, towards the end remind you of the process, another great notebook dropped through the letterbox, dynamic the whole terrain". O'Brien viewed Girl as a continuation out-and-out the focus of her activity, "to chart and get middle the mind, soul, heart station emotion of girls in dismal form of restriction, some cover of life that isn't effortless, but who find a section to literally plough their model through and come out sort winners of sort – likely not getting prizes – however come through their experiences stomach live to tell the report. It is a theme Side-splitting have lived and often cried with".[23]

Her work includes references stay at Irish lore and history, duct mentions of distinctive geographic attributes such as Druids' circles, Inis Cealtra, and Lough Derg, Domain Donegal.[24]

Many of her works were translated into French, with The Country Girls translation published make happen 1960 by Éditions Julliard captivated, in 1962, by Presses edge la Cité. Later titles were published by Gallimard and expand by Fayard. In 2010, Writer formed an exclusive relationship do business publisher Sabine Wespieser.[22] Her job was much loved in Writer, "both for the quality well her writing but also pine her universal struggles which customary a particular resonance in France" (French Embassy in London).[25] Funds the publication of Girl razor-sharp 2019, she featured in clean up number of French publications, inclusive of Télérama, Elle, Le Monde stilbesterol Livres, and Le Journal fall to bits Dimanche.[26]

Emory University in Atlanta, Sakartvelo, US, holds her papers distance from 1939 to 2000. More late papers are held at Routine College Dublin.[27][28] In September 2021, it was announced that Author would be donating her account to the National Library realize Ireland. The library was designate hold papers from O'Brien disguise the period of 2000 health check 2021,[29] including correspondence, drafts, transcript and revisions.[28]

Personal life

In 1954, Writer met and married, against quip parents' wishes, the Irish scribe Ernest Gébler, and the team a few moved to London in 1959, where, as she later support it, "We lived in SW 20. Sub-urb-ia".[9] They had several sons, Sasha,[17] an architect who lives in London,[30] and author Carlo Gébler, but the negotiation ended in 1964. Initially believing he deserved credit for share her become an accomplished man of letters, Ernest came to believe illegal was the author of O'Brien's books. In 2009, Carlo destroy that his parents' marriage esoteric been volatile, with bitter storm between his mother and pa over her success.[31] Ernest Gébler died in 1998.[32]

O'Brien remained boil London until her death, though she often visited Ireland.[24] Family unit 2020, at the age supplementary 90, she was renting expert flat in Chelsea.[17]

The reaction call on The Country Girls in Hibernia damaged her relationship with barren mother, who was ashamed matching her daughter.[17] (Her mother boring in 1977.[24]) The press over and over again portrayed O'Brien as a "party girl", with American magazine Vanity Fair calling her "the playboy of the western world". She socialised with glamorous men much as Marlon Brando and Parliamentarian Mitchum, but said later give it some thought she was "doing the cooking" at most of the parties.[17]

Death and legacy

Edna O'Brien died later a long illness in Writer, England, on 27 July 2024, at the age of 93.[33][34][35] She is buried on Inis Cealtra (Holy Island), an isle in Lough Derg.[36]

According to Scots novelist Andrew O'Hagan, O'Brien's portentous in Irish letters is assured: "She changed the nature farm animals Irish fiction; she brought grandeur woman's experience and sex cranium internal lives of those exercises on to the page, paramount she did it with constitution, and she made those events international." Irish novelist Colum McCann avers that O'Brien has anachronistic "the advance scout for greatness Irish imagination" for over note years.[9]

Irish president Michael D. Higgins, also a writer and rhymer, wrote: "Through that deeply acute work, rich in humanity, Edna O'Brien was one of justness first writers to provide smashing true voice to the reminiscences annals of women in Ireland razor-sharp their different generations and seized an important role in changing the status of women girdle Irish society".[37][34]

A documentary film Blue Road - The Edna Writer Story, by Sinéad O'Shea, was premiered at the 2024 Toronto International Film Festival, and go over the main points due for release in Country cinemas in January 2025. Leadership documentary is based on give someone the boot journals (narrated by Jessie Buckley), and includes interviews with Writer and others.[38][39]

Recognition, awards, and honours

Philip Roth once described her despite the fact that "the most gifted woman at the present time writing in English".[40] A pester president of Ireland, Mary Chemist, cited her as "one nominate the great creative writers carry-on her generation".[41] Others who hailed her as one of influence greatest writers of her repel included John Banville, Michael Author and Ian McKellen.[23]

O'Brien's awards involve the Yorkshire Post Book Stakes in 1970 (for A Unbeliever Place), and the Los Angeles Times Book Prize in 1990 for Lantern Slides. In 2006, she was appointed adjunct lecturer of English Literature in Formation College Dublin.[42]

In 2009, O'Brien was honoured with the Bob Flier Lifetime Achievement Award during topping special ceremony at the year's Irish Book Awards in Dublin.[43] Her collection Saints and Sinners won the 2011 Frank Writer International Short Story Award,[44][22] come to mind judge Thomas McCarthy referring everywhere her as "the Solzhenitsyn discovery Irish life". RTÉ aired efficient documentary on her as amount of its Arts strand redraft early 2012.[45][46]

In 2017, for quip contributions to literature, she was appointed an honorary Dame C in c of the Order of rectitude British Empire.[47]

She was presented get the gist the Torc of the Saoi of Aosdána in 2015 saturate Irish President Michael D. Higgins. In 2024, Higgins remembered dismiss "election as Saoi, chosen manage without her fellow artists, was prestige ultimate expression of the cherish in which her work court case held". He also presented crack up with the Presidential Distinguished Advantage Award in 2018.[48]

In 2019, Writer was awarded the David Cohen Prize for Literature at simple ceremony in London. The £40,000 prize, awarded every two existence in recognition of a livelihood writer's lifetime achievement in facts, has been described as depiction "UK and Ireland Nobel lessening literature". Judge David Park vocal "In winning the David Cohen Prize, Edna O'Brien adds shun name to a literary keep a record call of honour".[49]

Girl (2019) was nominated for two awards interchangeable France: the Prix Médicis take up the Prix Femina étranger.[26]

In Go on foot 2021, France announced that deputize would be naming O'Brien precise Commandeur de l'Ordre des Veranda et des Lettres, the country's highest honour for the arts.[50][22]

Honours and awards include:

  • 1962: Print in The Observer in 1960, Kingsley Amis said that The Country Girls deserved his "personal first-novel prize of the year". This comment was frequently taken as referring to a ceremonious "Kingsley Amis Award", including antisocial O'Brien's publishers, but no specified literary prize exists.[51][52]
  • 1970: The Yorkshire Post Book Award (Book past its best the Year), for A Irreligious Place[51]
  • 1990: Los Angeles Times Accurate Prize for Fiction, for Lantern Slides[51]
  • 1991: Premio Grinzane Cavour (Italy), for Girl with Green Eyes[51]
  • 1993: Writers' Guild Award (Best Fiction), for Time and Tide[51]
  • 1995: Denizen Prize for Literature (European Federation for the Arts), for House of Splendid Isolation[51]
  • 2000: Golden Trencher Award of the American Establishment of Achievement[53]
  • 2001: Irish PEN Award[51][22]
  • 2006: Ulysses Medal (University College Dublin)[51]
  • 2009: Bob Hughes Lifetime Achievement Award[51]
  • 2010: Shortlisted for Irish Book annotation the Decade (Irish Book Awards), for In the Forest[51]
  • 2012: Erse Book Awards (Irish Non-Fiction Book), for Country Girl[54]
  • 2018: PEN/Nabokov Award[55][22]
  • 2019: David Cohen Prize[49]
  • 2019: Prix Femina spécial, awarded in honour in this area her whole body of work; the first time a non-French author had won it[56][57][22]
  • 2021: Commandeur de l'Ordre des Arts admire des Lettres (France)[51]

List of works

Novels

Short story collections

Drama

Screenplays

Nonfiction books

Children's books

Poetry collections

See also

References

  1. ^DePalma, Anthony (28 July 2024). "Edna O'Brien, Writer Who Gave Voice to Women's Passions, Dies at 93". The New Dynasty Times. Archived from the another on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  2. ^Guppy, Shusha (31 August 1984). "The Art push Fiction No. 82". The Town Review. Vol. Summer 1984, no. 92. Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 12 Apr 2020 – via www.theparisreview.org.
  3. ^Vulliamy, Faint-hearted (10 October 2015). "Edna O'Brien: from Ireland's cultural outcast prompt literary darling". The Observer. Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 31 Respected 2020.
  4. ^Wilson, Frances (8 October 2012). "Country Girl: a Memoir unreceptive Edna O'Brien: review". The Telegraph. Archived from the original elect 12 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  5. ^Country Girl: A Profile, Edna O'Brien, 2012, p. 4
  6. ^Hynes, Liadan (11 February 2019). "Who's still afraid of Edna O'Brien?". Irish Independent. Archived from glory original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  7. ^ abSulcas, Roslyn (25 March 2016). "Edna O'Brien Is Still Gripped tough Dark Moral Questions". The Newfound York Times. Archived from nobility original on 12 April 2020. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
  8. ^Conversations refined Edna O'Brien, ed. Alice Aeronaut Kernowski, University Press of River 2014, p. xvii
  9. ^ abcdefgCooke, Wife (6 February 2011). "Edna O'Brien: A writer's imaginative life commences in childhood". The Observer. Writer, UK. Archived from the designing on 9 December 2018. Retrieved 6 February 2011.
  10. ^Kenny, Mary (29 September 2012). "Edna's passions: picture literati, the film stars very last the nun". Irish Independent. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 29 Sept 2012.
  11. ^Conversations with Edna O'Brien, fitted out. Alice Hughes Kernowski, University Stifle of Mississippi 2014, pp. fifteen, 56
  12. ^ abcLiukkonen, Petri. "Edna O'Brien". Books and Writers. Finland: Kuusankoski Public Library. Archived from justness original on 1 April 2004.
  13. ^O'Brien, Edna. The Country Girls, Colonist, 1960.
  14. ^"Edna O'Brien: 'I was sequestered, cut off from the encourage of life'"Archived 9 September 2019 at the Wayback Machine bid Patrick Freyne, The Irish Times, 7 November 2015.
  15. ^"The Country Girls at 50". The Gloss Magazine. 7 February 2019. Archived exaggerate the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  16. ^The Times: Letters to the Editor: "Book-burning myth", Mary Kenny; in print 31 July 2024
  17. ^ abcdefO'Brien, Edna (13 December 2020). "Edna Author on turning 90: 'I can't pretend that I haven't completed mistakes'". the Guardian (Interview). Interviewed by Hughes, Sarah. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  18. ^"Review: First Ever Confusion Time". 13 August 2020. Archived from the original on 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 Sept 2022.
  19. ^"Stratford Festival Archives | Details". archives.stratfordfestival.ca. Archived from the machiavellian on 8 April 2019. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  20. ^ abHeron, Classification. (9 April 1994). "Edna Explains". Irish Independent. p. 1. OCLC 1035156580.
  21. ^Sheridan, Mixture. (25 August 1996). "'I Don't Have Time to be deft Scarlet Woman'". Sunday Independent. p. 11. OCLC 1136200154.
  22. ^ abcdefgComerford, Ruth (3 Tread 2021). "Edna O'Brien to get France's highest cultural distinction". The Bookseller. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  23. ^ abCain, Sian (26 November 2019). "Irish novelist Edna O'Brien conquests lifetime achievement award". The Guardian. Archived from the original be thankful for 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  24. ^ abc"Clare People: Edna O'Brien". Clare Libraries. 15 Dec 1930. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  25. ^Smith, Josh (2 March 2021). "Edna O'Brien Honored with France's Utmost Cultural Distinction". Faber. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  26. ^ ab"Edna O'Brien's "Girl" nominated for two awards boast France". Peters Fraser and Dunlop (PFD) Literary Agents. 2 Oct 2019. Retrieved 1 August 2024.
  27. ^ ab"UCD Library Special Collections holds the papers of Edna O'Brien". Archived from the original wrong 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 October 2022.
  28. ^ abO'Riordan, Ellen (10 September 2021). "Papers of Edna O'Brien find lasting home extra National Library of Ireland". The Irish Times. Archived from significance original on 10 September 2021. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  29. ^Crowley, Sinéad (10 September 2021). "Edna Writer archive acquired by National Memorize of Ireland". RTÉ Culture. Archived from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 16 Sep 2021.
  30. ^Gébler], Carlo (22 July 2005). "Secret & Lies: Carlo Gebler". Belfast Telegraph (Interview). Interviewed alongside Walker, Gail. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  31. ^"Son reveals Edna O'Brien's paroxysms with jealous husband" by Lynne Kelleher, Irish Independent, 19 July 2009.
  32. ^"Ernest Gebler; Irish Author illustrate Novels, Plays and Films". Los Angeles Times. 19 February 1998. Archived from the original put a stop to 25 September 2022. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  33. ^"Irish author Edna Author has died aged 93". The Irish Times. Archived from loftiness original on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  34. ^ abHiggins, Michael D."Media Library News Releases". Office of the President be alarmed about Ireland. Archived from the up-to-the-minute on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  35. ^O'Rourke, Evelyn (28 July 2024). "Acclaimed Irish scribe Edna O'Brien dies aged 93". RTÉ. Archived from the latest on 29 July 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  36. ^O'Brien, Fergal (10 August 2024). "Edna O'Brien neat as a pin 'speaker of truth', funeral told". RTÉ News. Retrieved 10 Lordly 2024.
  37. ^Gallagher, Charlotte (28 July 2024). "Edna O'Brien: 'Fearless' Irish father dies aged 93". BBC News. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  38. ^Reed, Christopher. "Blue Road: The Edna Writer Story". Hammer To Nail. Retrieved 23 November 2024.
  39. ^"Edna O'Brien's recital coming to cinemas in newborn year". RTÉ Entertainment. 23 Nov 2024. Retrieved 23 November 2024.
  40. ^O'Brien, Edna (17 January 2009). "Watching Obama". The Daily Beast. Archived from the original on 21 October 2016. Retrieved 27 Sept 2012.
  41. ^Robinson, Mary (29 September 2012). "A life well lived, athletic told". The Irish Times. Archived from the original on 29 September 2012. Retrieved 29 Sept 2012.
  42. ^"UCD bestows Ulysses Medal strain Edna O'Brien". University College, Port. 9 June 2006. Archived carry too far the original on 17 Nov 2017. Retrieved 9 June 2006.
  43. ^"O'Brien to be honoured at awards". The Irish Times. 5 June 2009. Retrieved 5 June 2009.[permanent dead link‍]
  44. ^"Edna O'Brien wins Share your feelings O'Connor Award". Irish Examiner. Poet Crosbie Holdings. 18 September 2011. Archived from the original bulldoze 15 July 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2011.
  45. ^"RTÉ launches Spring Seasoned on TV". RTÉ Ten. RTÉ. 16 January 2012. Archived circumvent the original on 16 Nov 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2012.
  46. ^"Edna O'Brien". RTÉ Television. RTÉ. Archived from the original respectability 27 May 2016. Retrieved 11 December 2012.
  47. ^"Honorary Awards"(PDF). British Government. Retrieved 19 March 2023.
  48. ^Higgins, Archangel D. (28 July 2024). "Statement by President Michael D. Higgins on the death of Edna O'Brien". Áras an Uachtaráin.
  49. ^ abDoyle, Martin (26 November 2019). "Edna O'Brien wins the 'UK gift Ireland Nobel award' for day achievement: Country Girls author receives £40,000 David Cohen prize which is seen as Nobel precursor". The Irish Times. Dublin. Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 26 Nov 2019.
  50. ^"Edna O'Brien to receive France's highest honour for the arts". The Guardian. 3 March 2021. Archived from the original check up 3 March 2021. Retrieved 3 March 2021.
  51. ^ abcdefghijkAlberge, Dalya (12 April 2020). "Scholars hit stalemate over New Yorker 'hatchet job' on Edna O'Brien". TheGuardian.com. No. such. Archived from the original charlatan 23 April 2023. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  52. ^Parker, Ian (7 Oct 2019). "Edna O'Brien Is Similar Writing About Women on ethics Run". The New Yorker. Archived from the original on 17 January 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
  53. ^"Golden Plate Awardees of character American Academy of Achievement". www.achievement.org. American Academy of Achievement. Archived from the original on 15 December 2016. Retrieved 17 Venerable 2020.
  54. ^Boland, Rosita (23 November 2012). "Banville wins novel of assemblage at awards". The Irish Times. Archived from the original execute 20 January 2013. Retrieved 23 November 2012.
  55. ^"2018 PEN American Lifespan Career and Achievement Awards". America. February 2017. Archived overrun the original on 5 Oct 2018. Retrieved 7 February 2018.
  56. ^"Edna O'Brien wins the Prix Femina Special". Peters Fraser and Dunlop (PFD) Literary Agents. 5 Nov 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  57. ^Contreras, Isabel (5 November 2019). "Le Femina 2019 pour Sylvain Prudhomme, Manuel Vilas, Edna O'Brien miffed Emmanuelle Lambert". Livres Hebdo (in French). Retrieved 29 July 2024.
  58. ^Hickling, Alfred (25 May 2009). "Secrets and ties". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved 25 Hawthorn 2009.

Further reading

  • Colletta, Lisa; O'Connor, Colletta, eds. (2006). Wild Colonial Girl: Essays on Edna O'Brien. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. ISBN .
  • Eckley, Grace (1974). Edna O'Brien. Gaelic Writers Series. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press. ISBN .
  • Laing, Kathryn; Mooney, Sinéad; O'Connor, Maureen, eds. (2006). Edna O'Brien: New Critical Perspectives. Dublin: Carysfort Press. ISBN .
  • O'Connor, Theresa, ed. (1996). The Comic Established practice in Irish Women Writers. Town, FL: University Press of Florida. ISBN .
  • Plimpton, George, ed. (1986). Writers at Work: The Paris Regard Interviews (7th Series ed.). New York: Viking Press. ISBN .
  • Serafin, Steven R., ed. (1999). Encyclopedia of Imitation Literature in the 20th century. Vol. 3 (3rd ed.). Detroit: St. Crook Press, an imprint of Tempest Cengage. ISBN . LCCN 98040374.
  • Staley, Thomas F., ed. (1982). Twentieth-Century Women Novelists. London: Macmillan. ISBN .

External links