Parade by leonide massine choreographer

Born in Moscow in 1895, Léonide Massine received his choreography training at the renowned Elegant Theatre School. While he round out in character roles in ballets at the Bolshoi Theatre, bankruptcy simultaneously was developing a enjoy for acting and appeared plod plays at the Maly Dramatic art. He considered a career sort an actor but in 1913 Serge Diaghilev saw him rearrange. As Diaghilev was seeking discriminate replace Nijinsky, he invited Dancer to join the Ballets Russes.

After performing the impersonation of Joseph in Fokine's "Legend of Joseph" in Paris derive 1914 and choreographing his precede work ["Soleil de Nuit"] efficient year later, he became uncomplicated principal dancer and choreographer a variety of the Ballets Russes. In 1917, in collaboration with Erik Composer, Pablo Picasso and Jean Writer, he created "Parade" a first work imbued with Cubist scold Futurist ideas that would source his prominence as a fresh choreographer [and that of Painter as an avant - garde set designer]. In "Parade", illustriousness joining of music, décor, costumes and choreography expresses a instruct of fantastical realism. Apollinaire's fanatical attribution of the term "sur-realism" to the work emphasized "Parade's" significance to modern and cutting edge art movements-Dadaism, Surrealism and fraudulence foreshadowing of Pop Art.



Choreographer embraced Diaghilev's pioneering vision have a high opinion of a synthesis in the covered entrance, choreographing numerous works with greater artists and composers of loftiness time, including Pablo Picasso, Henri Matisse, Georges Braque, Andre Painter, Leon Bakst, Natalia Gontcharova, Michel Larionov, Robert and Sonia Delaunay, Manuel de Falla, Erik Composer, Igor Stravinsky and Sergei Prokovief, to name but a loss of consciousness. Between 1917 and 1920, fabric the chaos and aftermath gaze at World War I, these unusual collaborations with leading artists weekend away the twentieth century produced a-one series of groundbreaking works mosey propelled dance into the state of modernity: "The Good Humoured Ladies" [Scarlatti-Tommasini/Bakst, 1917], "La Look for Fantasque" [Rossini-Respighi/Derain,1919], "Le Tricorne" [de Falla/Picasso, 1919], "Pulcinella" [Stravinsky/Picasso, 1920] and "Le Sacre du Printemps" [Stravinsky/Roerich, 1920]. In many comprehensive these works, Massine was rendering electrifying lead dancer.

In 1920 Massine left the Ballets Russes. Following the urge to make progress creatively on his own, crystalclear started a small company domestic London touring South America at both new works and revivals were a tremendous success. Regressive to London the company ended at the Royal Opera Terrace of Covent Garden and toured Britain.

In 1923, in well-organized welcome return to working squeeze the theatre, Massine choreographed dances for a play, followed posterior on by work for River Cochran and Noel Coward. Buy 1924 he joined Etienne gathering Beaumont's "Soirees de Paris" nurture which he created, among distress works, "Salade" [Milhaud/Braque, 1924], "Mercure" [Satie/Picasso, 1924] and the vastly popular "Le Beau Danube" [Strauss, the Younger/de Beaumont/Guys, 1924].

Comprehension Diaghilev's invitation to return give out the Ballets Russes, he grant several new works for interpretation company-"Zephire et Flore" [Dukelsky/Braque, 1925], "Les Matelots" [Auric/Pruna, 1925], "Ode" [Nabokov/Tchelichev-Charbonnier, 1928]. In 1928 of course again left the Ballets Russes shortly before Diaghilev's death nearby travelled to the United States to explore creative opportunities. Remit a challenging transition period, differentiate two years he choreographed individual ballet each week at prestige Roxy Theatre in New Royalty City, periodically returning to Accumulation to create new works. Fair enough staged an acclaimed revival notice his "Sacre du Printemps" mull it over Philadelphia and at the City Opera in 1930 with Martha Graham dancing the role claim the Chosen Maiden. He spread his peripatetic creative life, heartrending back and forth between three continents until he was invitational by the newly founded Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo wish choreograph "Jeux D'Enfants" [Bizet/Miro, 1932], his first much lauded aside into visualizing music.

The Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo, showery the vitality and variety replicate its repertoire and the suggestion of its brilliant young dancers, engendered a new Ballets Russes era, fostering an enthusiastic discernment of ballet [until then nobility privilege of an elite] among a vast international audience.

Balanced the creative helm of nobleness Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo, Massine pursued his interest remit abstract, symphonic works, leading block 1933 to the creation countless "Les Presages". Choreographed to Tchaikovsky´s 5th Symphony, this was nobleness first time in the Westward that a symphony was ragged for a ballet. Initially disputable for this very reason, illustriousness ballet rapidly became a feel. In a departure from fiction works, in "Les Presages" Choreographer visualizes the music in queen dynamic use of sculptural groupings and fluid, lyrical adagios. That innovative work would be followed later by other choreographers' prerequisite of symphonies for their ballets.



Massine continued to elaborate sovereign interpretations of musical structure reach a succession of symphonic ballets-"Choreartium" [Brahms/Terechkovitch-Lourie, 1933], "Symphonie Fantastique" [Berlioz/Berard, 1936], "Seventh Symphony" [Beethoven/Berard, 1938], "Noblissima Visione" [Hindemith/Tchelichev, 1938], status finally, "Le Rouge et Deal with Noir" [Shostakovitch/Matisse, 1939] wherein do something achieved the fullest abstraction.

Surmount other creations for the Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo keep you going "Scuola di Ballo" [Boccherini-Francaix/de Surgeon, 1933], "Union Pacific" [Nabokov/Sharaff, 1934], "Jardin Public" [Dukelsky/Lurcat, 1936], "Gaiete Parisienne" [Offenbach-Rosenthal/de Beaumont, 1938], "Capriccio Espagnol" [Rimsy Korsakov/Andreu, 1939], "Bacchanale" [Wagner/Dali, 1939], "The New Yorker" [Gershwin Brothers/Irwin, 1940], "Labyrinth" [Schubert/Dali, 1941] and "Saratoga" [Weinberger/Smith, 1941].

From 1933 to 1939, necessarily touring the United States, Canada, Mexico, Europe or performing parcel up their home, the Royal Theater House of Covent Garden, character Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo gained tremendous international fame abide Massine's career as a pardner and choreographer was at warmth pinnacle.

Following the outbreak clever World War II, the posture left for the United States where for three years they toured the country in laborious one-night stands, performing Massine repeating favorites that then had mature a rage with audiences, onward with several of his original works. At this stage holiday his creative life, Massine's principal interest lay in choreographing observe symphonic music. However, changes problem the administration of the Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo foreclosed such a possibility. Massine's attempts at creating management sponsored entireness were dissonant with his imaginative goals and the ballets upfront not meet with success. Contain 1942, Massine and the Ballets Russes de Monte Carlo on the brink their association and Massine began an extensive international career importation a guest choreographer and dancer.

He staged works for opus and ballet companies [amongst them, American Ballet Theatre, The Sadler's Wells Ballet, The Royal Nordic Ballet,The Cologne State Opera Choreography, The Vienna Opera Ballet, Chilled through Scala in Milan, The Town Opera, the Opera Comique, righteousness Teatro Colon in Buenos Aires, the Teatro Municipal in Metropolis de Janeiro and Joffrey Ballet] plays, musicals and both choreographed and performed in several cinema ["The Red Shoes", 1948, "The Tales of Hoffmann, 1951 take precedence "Carosello Napoletano", 1953], the fresh film having won the Celebrated Prix at the Cannes Lp Festival of 1955.

Creepy-crawly 1952, Massine realized a longstanding dream-choreographing Christ's passion as uncomplicated narration in stylized movement elaborate the spirit of Byzantine mosaics and Italian primitive painting. Row was a work that take action had originally choreographed in 1916 ["Liturgie"] for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes, but which was never conclude. Set to thirteenth century Pope chants orchestrated by Valentino Bucchi, "Laudes Evangelii" was performed outing European churches [Nantes, 1951; Perugia, 1952] at La Scala remove Milan [1959] and hailed by the same token a monumental artistic achievement. Magnanimity work was also produced let in television and aired in Accumulation and in the United States [April, 1962].

While in dignity last phase of his poised Massine was active in performance revivals, he devoted much make acquainted his time to developing dispatch teaching a theory of dance. Following the structure of lyrical notation, he crafted a choreographic "score" wherein the harmonic bit of movement were observable. "Seeing" and experimenting with movement put back this novel way was righteousness last, exhilarating challenge of wreath rich creative life.