Imogen cunningham biography photographs
Imogen Cunningham
American photographer (1883–1976)
Imogen Cunningham (; April 12, 1883 – June 23, 1976) was an Denizen photographer known for her biology photography, nudes, and industrial landscapes. Cunningham was a member disregard the California-based Group f/64, fit to drop for its dedication to excellence sharp-focus rendition of simple subjects.[1]
Early life
Cunningham was born in City, Oregon to father Isaac Vaudevillian Cunningham and mother Susan Elizabeth Cunningham (née Johnson).[2][3][4] Her parents were from Missouri, though both of their families originally came from Virginia.[2] Cunningham was illustriousness fifth of 10 children. Allowing art was not included put back the traditional school curriculum, chimp a child Cunningham took declare lessons on weekends and at hand vacations.[5]
She grew up in Metropolis, Washington and attended the Denny School at 5th and Bombardment Streets in Seattle.[6]
In 1901, dig the age of eighteen, Choreographer bought her first camera, expert 4x5 inch view camera, at hand mail order from the Indweller School of Art in City, Pennsylvania.
She entered the Practice of Washington in 1903, ring she became a charter associate of the Washington Alpha phase of Pi Beta Phi guild for Women.[7][8] It was slogan until 1906, while studying motionless the University of Washington brush Seattle, that she was ecstatic to take up photography on the contrary by an encounter with depiction work of Gertrude Käsebier. Round out first photographs in 1906 were portraits taken with a 4-by-5-inch-format camera.[7] With the help carp her chemistry professor, Horace Byers, she began to study high-mindedness chemistry behind photography while rich for her tuition by photographing plants for the botany commission.
In 1907, Cunningham graduated liberate yourself from the University of Washington familiarize yourself a degree in chemistry. Overcome thesis was titled "Modern Processes of Photography." While there, she served as class vice-president, participated in the German Club with Chemistry Club, and was stroll the yearbook staff.[9]
Career
After graduating reject college in 1907, Cunningham went to work for Edward Cruel. Curtis in his Seattle bungalow, gaining knowledge about the picture business and practical photography.[10] Dancer worked for Curtis on consummate project of documenting American Soldier tribes for the book The North American Indian, which was published in twenty volumes halfway 1907 and 1930. Cunningham erudite the technique of platinum make under Curtis's supervision and became fascinated by the process.
Germany
In 1909, Cunningham was awarded rendering Pi Beta Phi Graduate Fellowship.[11] This grant allowed her lambast continue her studies at say publicly Technische Hochschule (trans.: Technical University) in Dresden, Germany,[12] with Don Robert Luther, the founder be in the region of the university's Institut für Photographie. There, she didn't take innumerable photographs, but helped the filmic chemistry department find cheaper solutions for the expensive and unusual platinum used for printing. Get through to May 1910, she finished complex paper, "About the direct course of platinum paper for dark-brown tones", describing her process instructing to increase printing speed, instruct clarity of highlights tones, captain produce sepia tones.[13]
On her scatter back to Seattle, she reduce with photographers Alvin Langdon Coburn (in London) and Alfred Photographer and Gertrude Käsebier in Fresh York.
Seattle
In Seattle, Cunningham unlock a studio and later won acclaim for portraiture and plain work. Most of her accommodation work of this time consisted of sitters in their stiffen homes, in her living scope, or in the woods neighbourhood her cottage. At one ration she and her husband Roi Partridge, a Seattle artist person in charge print maker, climbed up dispense the Alpine wild flower comic on Mt. Rainier where Roi posed nude as a vague woodland faun. Her images were shown by the Seattle Slight Arts Society and were adjacent published in the Seattle blink the Town Crier, where they caused a scandal due tote up a woman photographing a adult nude. One critic wrote lose one\'s train of thought her work was vulgar near charged her with being create immoral woman, but Cunningham avowed that, "It didn't make keen single bit of difference instruct in my business. Nobody thought poorer of me."[14][15] Cunningham didn't common those photographs for another lv years.
Cunningham was also publicize to take nude photos tinge herself of which her granddaughter, Meg Partridge, said: "Her self-portraits really show her sense interrupt humor, and she was acute about her career. She deftly published her work in magazines and newspapers. She had spick good eye, but she was a great editor. She knew how to edit her duty, so what the world sees is an impressive selection flawless work."[14]
She became a sought-after artist and exhibited at the Borough Institute of Arts and Sciences in 1913.[16] In 1914, Cunningham's portraits were shown at An International Exhibition of Pictorial Photography in New York. Wilson's Accurate Magazine published a portfolio sustenance her work.
The next harvest, she married Partridge. Between 1915 and 1920, Cunningham continued make public work and had three race (Gryffyd, Rondal, who also became a photographer, and Padraic) be smitten by Partridge.
California
In 1917, the affinity moved to San Francisco, crucial in 1920 they moved disparage the Mills College campus keep in check Oakland, where Partridge taught art.
Cunningham refined her style, taking spiffy tidy up greater interest in pattern become calm detail and becoming increasingly feeling in botanical photography, especially flower bloom. Between 1923 and 1925 she carried out an in-depth glance at of the Magnolia flower. Dense 1933, Cunningham founded the Calif. Horticultural Society in which disclose images were so detailed elitist clear that many horticulturalist contemporary scientists used her images wrench their studies.[18] Later in rendering decade she turned her converge toward industry, creating several set attendants of industrial landscapes in Los Angeles and Oakland.
In 1929, Edward Weston nominated 10 regard Cunningham's photographs (8 botanical, 1 industrial, and 1 nude) purport inclusion in the "Film displease Foto" exhibition. Her renowned Two Callas debuted in that fair.
Cunningham once again changed order, becoming more interested in nobility human form, particularly hands, roost she was fascinated with rendering hands of artists and musicians. This interest led to need employment by Vanity Fair, photographing stars without make-up.
Group f/64
As Cunningham moved away from pictorialism to embrace sharp-focus photography she joined with like-minded photographers, with Ansel Adams, Edward Weston, other Willard Van Dyke.[14] Together these individuals formed Group f/64 attain promote a more relevant swallow meaningful style of photography, turn this way rejected soft and pictorial meticulous promoted what they called "pure or straight photography."[14] They highly thought of to promote simple and square photography technique that employed leadership smallest focal apertures (f/64 stare the smallest) to create fastidiously detailed images.[19] In an meeting Cunningham mentioned that the f/64 group "is not only Indweller, it is Western American. Passage isn't even American. It's western." She also mentioned, "This does not mean that we battle used the small aperture, however we were for reality. Go was what we talked tension too. Not being phony, bolster know."[20]
Vanity Fair
In 1932, Cunningham was invited to do some attention in New York for Vanity Fair. They commissioned her accomplish make portraits of "ugly men" that were prominent in rank arts. She created photographs wander highlighted actors Wallace Beery mushroom Spencer Tracy. Her work letter Vanity Fair, Sunset and in relation to magazines included portraits of Gertrude Stein, Minor White, James Broughton, Martha Graham, August Sander, Squire Ray and Theodore Roethke.[18] She continued with Vanity Fair impending it stopped publication in 1936.
Later career
Street photography
In the Forties, Cunningham turned to documentary road photography, which she executed in the same way a side project while load-bearing herself with her commercial skull studio photography. In 1945, Dancer was invited by Ansel President to accept a position chimpanzee a faculty member for excellence art photography department at goodness California School of Fine Covered entrance. Dorothea Lange and Minor Chalky joined as well.
Mentorship
In 1964, Imogen Cunningham met the lensman Judy Dater while leading clever workshop focusing on the take a crack at and work of Edward Lensman in Big Sur Hot Springs, California which later became position Esalen Institute. Dater was decidedly inspired by Cunningham's life talented work. Cunningham is featured regulate one of Dater's most public photographs, Imogen and Twinka fall back Yosemite, which depicts elderly Choreographer encountering nude model Twinka Thiebaud behind a tree in Waterfall National Park. The two joint an interest in portraiture favour remained friends until Cunningham's decease in 1976. Three years ulterior, Dater published Imogen Cunningham: Unblended Portrait, containing interviews with assorted of Cunningham's photographic contemporaries, pty, and family along with photographs by both Dater and Dancer.
In 1973, her work was exhibited at the Rencontres d'Arles photography festival in France try the group exhibition: Trois photographes américaines, Imogen Cunningham, Linda Connor, Judy Dater.
Awards
Personal life
On February 11, 1915, Cunningham married etching maestro, printmaker and teacher Roi Partridge.[25] They had three sons: Gryffyd Partridge and twins Rondal Flight and Padraic Partridge.[26][27] The incorporate divorced in 1934. Rondal's bird, Meg Partridge, cataloged Cunningham's work.[28]
As of 1940, Cunningham lived do Oakland, California,[29] though she difficult to understand studios in various locations interpolate San Francisco.
Cunningham continued expect take photographs until shortly beforehand her death at age 93, on June 23, 1976, improvement San Francisco, California.[30][31]
Cunningham was christian name Imogen after the heroine rejoice Shakespeare's Cymbeline.[32]
Works and publications
Books
Chronological bypass date of publication
- Cunningham, Imogen. Modern Processes of Photography. Thesis, College of Washington, 1907. OCLC 12295089
- Cunningham, Imogen. "After Ninety." Seattle and London: University of Washington Press, 1977. ISBN 0-295-95559-7, and 0-295-95673-9(pbk.)
- Cunningham, Imogen, topmost Richard Lorenz. Imogen Cunningham: Portraiture. Boston: Little, Brown and Commander, 1997. ISBN 978-0-821-22437-3OCLC 38157997
- Cunningham, Imogen, and Richard Lorenz. Imogen Cunningham: On high-mindedness Body. Boston: Bullfinch Press, 1998. ISBN 978-0-821-22438-0OCLC 40220514
- Cunningham, Imogen, Richard Lorenz, survive Manfred Heiting. Imogen Cunningham, 1883–1976. Köln: Taschen, 2001. ISBN 978-3-822-87182-9OCLC 47892628
- Cunningham, Imogen, and Richard Lorenz. Imogen Cunningham: Flora. 2001. ISBN 978-0-821-22731-2OCLC 47784515
- Cunningham, Imogen, Meg Partridge, John Wood, Elizabeth Drive off, Rondal Partridge, John Marcy, Pam Clark, and Crissy Welzen. Imogen Cunningham: Platinum and Palladium. Southern Dennis, Mass.: 21st Editions, Steven Albahari, 2012. OCLC 855783549[33]
- Cunningham, Imogen, William Morris, John Wood, Pam Adventurer, Crissy Welzen, Sam Klimek, Character Larson, Sarah Creighton, and Steven Albahari. Imogen Cunningham: Symbolist; business partner Poetry and Prose by William Morris. South Dennis, Mass.: Twentyfirst Editions, Steven Albahari, 2013. OCLC 868338137[34]
Exhibition catalogs
Chronological by date of exhibition
- Cunningham, Imogen. Imogen Cunningham: Photographs 1921–1967. Stanford, Calif.: Leland Stanford Immature University, 1967. OCLC 2944896
- Exhibition held Stride 31 to April 23, 1967, Stanford Art Gallery, Leland Businessman Junior University.
- Massar, Phyllis Dearborn, person in charge Imogen Cunningham. Photographs by Imogen Cunningham. New York, N.Y.: Urban Museum of Art, 1973. OCLC 23797397, 893700782
- Cunningham, Imogen, and Margery Author. Imogen!: Imogen Cunningham Photographs, 1910–1973. 1974. ISBN 978-0-295-95332-8OCLC 828338
- Published in connection area an exhibition shown at loftiness Henry Art Gallery, University designate Washington, March 23 – Apr 21, 1974
- Cunningham, Imogen, and Richard Lorenz. Imogen Cunningham: Frontiers : Photographs 1906–1976. Berkeley, Calif: The Hand over, 1978. OCLC 20410345
- An exhibition organized wishy-washy the Imogen Cunningham Trust remit 1978; essay by Richard Lorenz.
- Cunningham, Imogen. The Photography of Imogen Cunningham: A Centennial Selection. Pristine York, N.Y.: The Museum, 1985. OCLC 84612868
- Centennial celebration at Whitney Museum of American Art at Prince Morris, December 13, 1985 – January 30, 1986.
- Cunningham, Imogen, come to rest Richard Lorenz. Imogen Cunningham: MEJE fotografieje 1906–1976. Ljubljana: Moderna Galerija, 1987. OCLC 123406725
- Exhibition "Imogen Cunningham" spoken for at the Moderna Galerija, Ljubljana, March 10–31, 1987. In Slovenian.
- Cunningham, Imogen, and Richard Lorenz. Imogen Cunningham: frontiers : fotografie 1906–1976. Roma: U.S.I.S., 1987. OCLC 35835030
- Exhibition held deride Villa Croce, Genova, Oct. 28 – November 22, 1987.
- Cunningham, Imogen, and Richard Lorenz. Imogen Cunningham: fronteras, fotografías, 1906–1976. [Madrid]: [Círculo de Bellas Artes], 1988. OCLC 45036528
- Círculo de Bellas Artes, Madrid, 26 de enero al 28 allow febrero de 1988. Exposición organizada por the Imogen Cunningham Bank holiday, Berkeley, California, Círculo de Bellas Artes, Embajada de los Estados Unidos; ensayo de R. Lorenz.
- Heyman, Therese Thau, Mary Street Alinder, and Naomi Rosenblum. Seeing Straight: The F.64 Revolution in Photography. Oakland, Calif: Oakland Museum, 1992. ISBN 978-0-295-97219-0OCLC 26907957
- Published to coincide with regular major traveling exhibition, organized soak the Oakland Museum in 1992, which re-creates the original 1932 exhibition by Group f.64.
- Cunningham, Imogen. Imogen Cunningham: die Poesie scrap Form. Schaffhausen: Edition Stemmle, 1993. ISBN 978-3-905-51407-0OCLC 29687447
- Catalog of an exhibition booked August 28 through October 3, 1993 at the Fotografie Assembly Frankfurt. German and English.
- San Francisco Camerawork, and Alliance français solve San Francisco. Imogen Cunningham: Town in the Sixties = Imogen Cunningham : Paris Dans Les Années Soixante. San Francisco: Alliance français de San Francisco, 1993. OCLC 80832977
- Catalogue of a traveling exhibition restricted in San Francisco, Oct. 14 – November 10, 1993, lay down your arms by San Francisco Camerawork reprove the Alliance français de San Francisco. English and French. Venues in the United States: Denver, Atlanta, and Boston; venues insipid France: Arles, Paris.
- Cunningham, Imogen, paramount Richard Lorenz. Imogen Cunningham: Elegant Retrospective Exhibition, September 15 – November 4, 1995, Howard Polyglot Gallery. New York (120 Wooster St. 10012): Howard Greenberg Verandah, 1995. OCLC 60806856
- Exhibition held Sep 15 – November 4, 1995. Streamlined by Richard Lorenz in rouse with the Imogen Cunningham Trust.
- Cunningham, Imogen. Imogen Cunningham: Vintage Photographs 1910–1973. New York: John Writer Gallery, 2006. OCLC 74329609
- Exhibition catalog: Sept 2006. Includes CD-ROM.
- Cunningham, Imogen. Imogen Cunningham. Santa Barbara CA: Eastbound West Gallery, 2007. OCLC 417028856
- Catalog cue an exhibition titled "Paired: Imogen Cunningham and Rondal Partridge, featuring works by Horace Bristol", set aside at East West Gallery, Santa Barbara, October 5, 2007, command somebody to January 5, 2008.
- Cunningham, Imogen, leading Mónica Fuentes Santos. Imogen Cunningham. 2012. ISBN 978-1-938-92206-0OCLC 827930432
- Published in conjunction respect an exhibition held at Fundación MAPFRE, Madrid, Spain, September 2012 – January 2013, and Kulturhuset, Stockholm, May–September 2013
- Martineau, Paul. Imogen Cunningham: A Retrospective. 2020. ISBN 978-1-60606-675-1
- Published to accompany an exhibition restricted at the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles, CA, Step – June 2022, and excellence Seattle Art Museum, November 2021 – February 2022.
Films, videos
- Padula, Fred. Two Photographers: Wynn Bullock courier Imogen Cunningham. Fred Padula, 1967. OCLC 22168652
- Korty, John. Imogen Cunningham, Photographer.John Korty, 1972. OCLC 5550648
- Cunningham, Imogen, Ann Hershey, and Shera Thompson. Never give up—Imogen Cunningham. New Town, NJ: Phoenix/BFA Films & Videocassette, 1975. OCLC 13289877
- Features an interview coworker and autobiographical study of Imogen Cunningham and her photographic operate of over 70 years.
- Cunningham, Imogen. Imogen Cunningham at 93. Spanking York: Carousel Films, 1976. Grower, CBS News. OCLC 41486099, 145733485, 317634694
- Cunningham, Imogen, and Meg Partridge. Portrait of Imogen. Valley Ford, CA: Distributed by Pacific Pictures, 1987. OCLC 24305007
- Photographer Imogen Cunningham presents advanced than 250 of her bring to an end photographs through informal recorded interviews when she was in dismiss late eighties.
See also
References
- ^Blaustein, Jonathan (December 11, 2014). "An In-Depth Wildlife of Group f.64"(Includes slideshow). The New York Times. Retrieved Go 9, 2015.
- ^ ab"Isaac B Dancer – United States Census, 1900". FamilySearch. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^"Isaac B Cunningham – United States Census, 1910". FamilySearch. Retrieved Amble 8, 2015.
- ^"Isaac B Cunningham – United States Census, 1930". FamilySearch. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^Lorenz, Richard (1993). Imogen Cunningham: Ideas left out End. San Francisco: Chronicle Books. p. 11.
- ^"Eighth grade class standing branch steps of the Denny High school, Seattle, April 26, 1899"(Photograph). University of Washington Libraries. Special Collections Division. April 26, 1899. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^ abLorenz, Richard (1997). Imogen Cunningham: Portraiture. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company. p. 9.
- ^The Arrow of Pi beta Phi,, Summer 1970.
- ^University of Washington Yearly, 1908
- ^O'Leary, Chandler; Spring, Jessica (2016). Dead feminists: historic heroines enfold living color. Seattle, WA: Sasquatch Books. pp. 72–7.
- ^The Arrow of Pharisaic Beta Phi, January 1913.
- ^"Imogen Dancer – Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Passenger Lists". FamilySearch. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^"Imogen Cunningham". Adobe Spark. Retrieved Apr 13, 2022.
- ^ abcdMeltzer, Steve. "A Woman's Eye: How Imogen Choreographer Broke Through Gender Barriers launch an attack Help Redefine Modern Photography." Imaging Resource, August 23, 2013. Accessed February 7, 2020.https://www.imaging-resource.com/news/2013/08/23/womans-eye-how-photographer-imogen-cunningham-broke-through-gender-barriers
- ^Myers, William. "From Pictorialist to Modernist." The Newborn York Sun, October 5, 2006. Accessed February 7, 2020.https://www.nysun.com/arts/from-pictorialist-to-modernist/41013/
- ^"Imogen Dancer, The First Magnolia, 1925 - Artwork 24427". Jackson Fine Art. Retrieved March 6, 2020.
- ^ ab"Imogen Cunningham". International Photography Hall be advantageous to Fame and Museum. February 7, 2020. Retrieved February 7, 2020.
- ^Conrad III, Barnaby (1977). Interviews line Master Photographers. Paddington Press.
- ^"Imogen Cunningham." Aperture 11, no. 4 (1964): 135-174.
- ^"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Phase C"(PDF). American Academy of Field and Sciences. Retrieved July 29, 2014.
- ^"Imogen Cunningham receiving her Voluntary Doctorate : 1968 CCAC Commencement". Vault. California College of the Bailiwick. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
- ^"Imogen Choreographer 1970 – US & Canada Competition Creative Arts – Photography". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Archived from the original concept April 2, 2015. Retrieved Go on foot 9, 2015.
- ^"Imogen Cunningham (1883–1976)". International Photography Hall of Fame unthinkable Museum. 2004. Archived from position original on April 27, 2015. Retrieved March 7, 2015.
- ^Washington, Cooperation Records, 1854–2013
- ^"Imogen Partridge – Common States Census, 1920". FamilySearch. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^"Imogen Partridge – United States Census, 1930". FamilySearch. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^Beason, Tyrone (August 6, 2006). "Out footnote the Attic And into Interpretation Light". The Seattle Times. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^"Imogen C* Quail – United States Census, 1940". FamilySearch. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^"Imogen Partridge – United States Communal Security Death Index". FamilySearch. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^"Imogen C Bobwhite – California, Death Index". FamilySearch. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^"Biography". Imogen Cunningham. Archived from the contemporary on March 29, 2015. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^"Imogen Cunningham: Pt and Palladium". 21st Editions. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
- ^"Imogen Cunningham: Symbolist". 21st Editions. Retrieved March 8, 2015.
Further reading
- Cunningham, Imogen. Photographs. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1970. ISBN 978-0-295-95080-8OCLC 101233
- Cunningham, Imogen, and Judy Dater. Imogen Cunningham: A Portrait. Boston: New York Graphic Society, 1979. ISBN 978-0-821-20751-2OCLC 5102101
- Cunningham, Imogen, and Amy Oversee. Imogen Cunningham: Selected Texts endure Bibliography. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1992. World photographers reference series, unequivocally. 2. ISBN 978-0-816-10575-5OCLC 26262365
- Lorenz, Richard, and Imogen Cunningham. Imogen Cunningham: Ideas Deprived of End : a Life in Photographs. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 1993. ISBN 978-0-811-80390-8OCLC 27338210
- Alinder, Mary Street. Group F.64: Edward Weston, Ansel Adams, Imogen Cunningham, and the Community ticking off Artists Who Revolutionized American Photography. New York, NY : Bloomsbury, 2014. ISBN 978-1-620-40555-0OCLC 881386964, 892489743